Diabetes is a chronic disease that, if uncontrolled, can lead to serious complications affecting various organs. These complications are classified into acute (sudden and life-threatening) and chronic (long-term organ damage).
1. Acute Complications
These require immediate attention and can be life-threatening.
Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar): Caused by skipped meals, excessive insulin, or exercise. Symptoms include dizziness, sweating, and unconsciousness. Treated with fast-acting carbohydrates.
Hyperglycemia (High Blood Sugar): Triggered by stress, illness, or overeating. Symptoms include excessive thirst and fatigue. Managed by adjusting insulin and hydration.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA): Common in Type 1 diabetes, leading to high ketone levels, nausea, and rapid breathing. Requires emergency insulin therapy.
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS): Severe dehydration and high blood sugar (>600 mg/dL), mainly in Type 2 diabetes. Needs urgent hospitalization and fluid replacement.
2. Chronic Complications
Long-term high blood sugar damages multiple organs.
Cardiovascular Complications: Increased risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, and poor circulation.
Neuropathy (Nerve Damage): Causes pain, numbness, digestive issues, and erectile dysfunction.
Nephropathy (Kidney Disease): Leads to chronic kidney failure; early detection is key.
Retinopathy & Eye Problems: Includes blindness, glaucoma, and cataracts; requires regular eye exams.
Diabetic Foot Problems: Poor circulation leads to ulcers, infections, and amputations.
Skin & Oral Health Issues: Slow wound healing, infections, and gum disease are common.
Mental Health Issues: Depression, anxiety, and cognitive decline are linked to diabetes.
Alzheimer’s Disease & Cognitive Decline: Higher risk due to long-term high blood sugar.
3. Prevention & Management
Blood Sugar Control: Regular monitoring and medication adherence.
Healthy Diet & Exercise: Low-carb, high-fiber foods and physical activity improve insulin sensitivity.
Routine Check-ups: Regular screenings for heart, kidney, eye, and nerve health.
Blood Pressure & Cholesterol Management: Helps prevent heart and kidney damage.
Stress Management: Therapy, meditation, and support groups can help.
Conclusion
Diabetes complications can be severe, but proactive management, lifestyle changes, and medical supervision significantly reduce risks. Regular monitoring and preventive care are essential for long-term health.
Diabetes : Symptoms of Diabetes | Causes | Diagnosis Of Diabetes
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